For my media history class,I was given an assignment to interview and older person about their experiences with media. I was glad for this assignment because I've been meaning to interview my relatives for some time now, but just have been too busy to do so. Thankfully, Aunt Jackie and Uncle Ted love me and were willing to submit to an interview. It was good fun and at the end, and Jackie gave my wife and I some cake.
Here is the transcript of that interview. It is pretty long so I recommend reading it in phases.
Comms 301 Oral History Project
Interview with Ted and Jackie McNiell
Date of interview: November 11, 2010; Fruitland, Utah
Interviewer: Jason Sweat
Transcriber: Jason Sweat
Digital recorder.
Your grandpa, Jackie’s dad and mother got married and moved out here to Fruitland and they had, what was it?
Jakie-A sack of potatoes and a bushel of plums.
Ted- A sack of potatoes and a bushel of plums. In 1936, and that’s what they lived on out here, the first winter that they were married. Jackie and your grandpa and grandma sweat
Me- A sack of potatoes and a bushel of plums, that’s it?
My grandpa sweat, he had a little caw- and got milk from the cow and eggs from a chicken and that was it.
What jackies talking about, is I just wrote a thing that’s tongue in cheek.
Me- Oh great, lets here it.
Ted-Thing so that my kids and grandkids would know about what things were like when I was growing up. I did check and see what the prices were. A postage stamp was 2 cents, the year I was born, in 1931. And I could read it, I was reading it earlier
I was born in 1931, the year that all the banks failed. There was 2,500 banks that failed. And there were 5 million people unemployed. People were hungry. It was the year that Al Capone was convicted, and the Star Spangled Banner was adopted the national anthem. Top songs on the radio were “All of me” and “Heartaches”, some of them are still around. And a house, you could by a house for 6,000 dollars, the average American home cost 6,000 dollars. And a car, a brand new car cost 530 dollars. But nobody had any money, you gotta remember that. Milk was 50 cents a gallon, a loaf of bread costs 8 cents, a postage stamp was 2 cents, the average income for a worker was 1,400 dollars a year, and … you know, I say I came up in a damned hard world. (Laughter)
Just so my grandchildren and great grandchildren know, they think I’m old, they don’t know how old. Even my kids don’t know. I was born before Television, penicillin, polio shots, frozen foods, Xerox, contact lenses, Frisbees, and ‘the pill’. There were no credit cards, no laser beams, no ball point pens. Ball point pens weren’t invented yet. There weren’t any pantyhose or air conditioners, or dish washers or clothes dryers- clothes were hung out to dry on the line- they froze in the winter, and man sure hadn’t walked on the moon, that’s for sure. Jackie and I got married first, and then lived together, that’s something new. (laughter) That’s really different now, every family had a father and a mother, until times changed so much.
When we were born, I used to call every man older than me “sir” and every lady, “ma’m”. It was long before gay rights. I remember when you were a “gay young blade,” you were a happy young man. That was before computer dating, or dual careers, or day care, or group therapy. That’s when the Ten Commandments and good judgment and common sense covered our lives, we were taught to know the difference between right and wrong, and to stand up and take responsibility for your actions. Serving your country was a privilege; living in the country was a bigger privilege. Amnesty for illegal aliens? Give me a break.
We thought that fast food was a fleet footed deer, and having a meaningful relationship meant getting along with your cousins. Draft dodgers were people who closed their front door when the evening breeze started. Time share meant sharing time with your family. We never heard of FM, or satellite radios, or tape decks, or CD’s or laptops or yogurt, or guys wearing earrings. Mini skirts, belly button rings, and rock stars and rap artists and so forth. I don’t ever remember any kid blowing out his brain while listening to Eddie Arnold or Frank Sinatra.
Anything that was made in Japan was junk, and the term ‘making out’, meant that you’d done well on your school exam. Pizza Hut, McDonalds, Starbucks, Ebay’s were all unheard of. If a merchant would have charges a dollar fifty for a bottle of water, or four bucks for a cup of coffee, people would have run him out of town.
We had five and ten cents stores, where you could actually buy things for five and ten cents. Ice cream cones, a phone call, a pepsi, were all a nickel. Your nickel would also buy enough stamps to mail a letter and two posts cards. You could buy a new Chevy coupe for 600 dollars, but who could afford one? Too bad, because gas was 11 cents a gallon.
In my day, ‘grass’ was mowed, ‘coke’ was a cold drink, ‘pot’ was what your mother cooked in, and ‘rock music’ was your grandma’s lullaby. ‘Aids’ were helpers in an office, ‘chip’ was a piece of wood, ‘hardware’ was found in a lumber store, and ‘software’ wasn’t even a word. And I’m of the last generation to actually believe that a lady needed a husband to have a baby. No wonder I’m old and confused to say it’s a generation gap.
Sweat- What were some of the experiences that you can recall regarding to media. What were some of the earliest memories you have of dealing with media, that is to say, newspapers, radio, magazines, TV, internet, etc.?
Ted-You know when we lived down there (Fruitland), they had a radio, but there was no power. Jackie and I were married before there was power here in this town. And I remember when they used to have to, to hear the radio, uh, because you couldn’t afford two batteries, you’d have to go out to the car and get the battery, a 6 volt battery, and bring it in, and hook the radio to it, and play the radio. You had to park the car on a hill, because if you played the radio to long then the battery would be dead and the car wouldn’t starts. (Laughter) Now that’s a fact!
Sweat- You had to take the battery out of the car to listen to the radio?
Ted- To listen to the radio, you when out to the car, ya know. You should have had two batteries ..
(Jackie) That would been nice.
.. but back in those days you couldn’t afford it, so that was how they done it.
Sweat- What year was this?
Ted- 1948
Jackie- No, it was before that honey, I was just a teenager.
Ted- Well I know, but we didn’t get power till after we were married.
Jackie- When my dad used to do that, go out and get the battery, it was because he’d have to listen to the fights every Thursday night or something, and I was only, like fourteen. This was like back in the 40s? Early forties. Forties.
Sweat- What do you remember about hearing the news in this area- what is your earliest memory?
Jackie- Why don’t you tell him about when WWII started?
Ted- Well, uh yeah. But we lived up Red Creek and there wasn’t any power or anything up there. We’d have to go out, and in the car, we’d listen to the radio. They were going to listen to the prize fights, and the news came on over the car radio that the Japanese had bombed Pearl Harbor. And my grandfather didn’t know what that meant. And my father told him, well, “it means we’re at war”. And he said, “No, we can’t be at war”. And my dad said “Oh yeah, we’re at war, if they’ve bombed Pearl Harbor.”
When was that, about 41? I don’t remember, exactly what year it was.
But we, uh, magazines, and newspapers, when we could get em, had to be news. And finally, later on, we did have radios. But I don’t remember, uh. (Laughter) We didn’t get much news out here. (More Laughter)
Sweat- Do you remember any of the names of the magazines or newspapers you used to get or read.
Ted- Yeah, Life. And Colliers. Life was the main magazine for everything that everybody went, everybody subscribed to life. I don’t remember a lot of sports magazines that my father read, you know, fishing and hunting magazines. But as for news of the world, it was what newspapers you could get, and those magazines, Life, and I guess Readers Digest was back then too, I don’t remember for sure.
Sweat- When did you personally first hear about The Great War, you mentioned once that you were too young to serve, but you heard about it, how did you hear about it?
Ted- Well we lived- my dad had a coal mine- up Red Creek. I think he had about 17 miners. And we had a cook house, and a bunk house And they had a cook hired to feed all these miners, and they were mining. And when the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, all these young men who were draft age, they all came down and joined the army and the navy and left him alone, up there in the mine. It was just him and his brother and this old cook. And they couldn’t mine out the coal fast enough, and uh,… the mine caught fire. Because all his help was gone. He went into Salt Lake to get some help. From the government, and they sent out a little engineer, just young, just graduated out of college. And he checked the coal, and he put a thermometer back in the mine and he said he thought it would be all right. But it caught fire before he got back to Salt Lake (laughter).
So that was quite a shock to everybody. Then the government had to bring out, big machines, to cover up the mine, to keep from burning.
And then we moved down, and he moved out into other coal mines and lost his leg in a coal mine. During the war, everything boomed. And…. Gosh, I don’t know what else to tell you, it’s not about media anyway. There wasn’t any media when I was young. It was hard to get to know what was going on. Really hard.
Jackie- When the first television come to Salt Lake, remember, we were married in 1950, and we went into my uncles house and they had this huge, huge box, and the screen was like this (about 6 in by 6in). And they was all crowded around, and this was when television first came into to Salt Lake City, and they had this great, big, huge television down in ZCMI in the window and people would go down, they’d turn it own, even at night, you could walk down at night, and the store would be closed, but you could stand there and watch the news and anything like that on the television.
Sweat- How many people would go down to watch it?
Jackie- Oh lots. Lots and lots, people would be crowded around it.
Ted- There’d be crowds around it all day, out on the sidewalk. You couldn’t get down the sidewalk, for the people standing there.
Sweat- So that was when TV first came to Salt Lake, can you remember when you first got one in your house?
Ted- It was many years later that we got one in our house. It was Springville. (Jackie- it was about 1958)
Sweat- Do you remember what kind of TV it was?
Ted- It was a little black and white RCA. Big box, little screen. About like that fireplace with a tiny screen (about a 3 ft by 3 ft box with a 6 in screen).
Sweat- When you served during the Korean War, did you have anything to do with the media. I know there were magazines, publications by the military, such as Stripes and such, did you ever have anything to do with that.
Ted- I never got any schooling. We lived up there, I went to Duchesne for a little while, but I never graduated from high school or anything. My whole education is from reading. That’s one thing that I have done, I’ve read all my life and I read everything. And I’ve read a lot.
That ship I was on, at the time, was a mine sweeper, was a state of the art, most expensive ship per foot in the Navy at the time. Everything was all non magnetic you know, it was a wooden ship. All the metal was non magnetic, it was either beryllium or aluminum and you couldn’t have a pocket knife, or a wrist watch. And they issued us special shoes with no nails in the shoes. And the ship was made to go over a magnetic mine, 8 ships could go over and number nine would blow up, or 28 ships could go over it and the next one would blow up. So, we would go over it and then we’d send a big electrical pulse down behind to blow them up. So that’s was it was designed for. So I had to do a lot of reading. They had aircraft engines, and the metals, so I had to do a lot of reading to learn. That’s what I did, take care of the engines.
Sweat- What were some of the favorite publications that you can remember, that you subscribed to?
Ted- I always subscribed to popular mechanics, and popular electronic magazines, and anything to do with diesel engines. Diesel engines used to be really popular you know, and that’s what I always read- any technical magazines that I could get with anything to do with mechanics or electronics or engines. I used to subscribe and read all of those. I guess that’s how I got by, because that’s the only education I had (Jackie- self educated).
Sweat- Aunt Jackie, what do you remember about when you were young in your family, what do you remember about news?
Jackie- Not very much, because we were really limited. We didn’t even get the power in Fruitland till what? 51? And even then we couldn’t afford to get the radio that plugged in. It was mostly magazines and, you know, word of mouth.
Sweat- Well, maybe jumping ahead a little bit to when you two were married in Springville. Did you have a radio then?
Jackie- Oh yeah. We always had a radio, in fact, I think that’s one of the first things we bought, like silly kids are, we bought a radio- and entertainment. Back then what was it called? (Ted- record players, a big round disk record player.) Yeah, a record player.
Sweat- Do you remember any of the names of shows that you used to listen to on the radio?
Jackie- Oh, (laughter) oh, grandma, loved Jules Wilk (SP?)
Ted- It was music show, it played some old time music. It was a musical variety show, they danced, and sang.
Jackie- But before that, what was it? Red Rider? When we were little, help me out with some of the names. The Lone Ranger?
Ted- Yeah they had radio shows, The Lone Ranger and Gene Audrey, and Roy Rogers had radio shows that went on television later. But hey were on radio first.
Sweat- How was that, how was listening to a show on the radio? I can’t really imagine a show without images because I’ve always had them, but what was it like to listen to one of those shows?
Ted- Well, you would here, somebody I guess, you could hear the horses running, you know, and then people hollering, then gunshots, and then somebody would yell, “Here come the Indians” and (laughter, heh heh) It was pretty fun. And I, you know, I still got, I found a tape, an 8 track tape a while back that was the Lone Ranger.
Jackie- Instead of having ones that are on TV now, the, my grandmother listened to Helen Trent, which would be like ‘One life to live’ you know (Ted- soap operas) Yeah, soap operas. But they were on radio, and she never missed, my grandmother, she had to hear ‘Helen Trent’ every day. And it would just tell what this one was doing and then this one would talk and then this one, you know. Like you say, it’s hard for you to imagine because we could picture these people in our minds, and everybody probably had a different picture of course, but there were several of those that was popular. And that was back, back before the 40’s.
Sweat- Well, you saw the wars on television, more closely than before, what was that like, seeing war close up through television?
Ted- Well, they had news reels, before television. Why they, when you’d go to the movies, then they’d have what was called the ‘news reel’, it was a news program. And it would show you how the war was going and they’d show, bombs dropping andyou know. In fact, they took actual pictures and would send them back, of how the war was going in Japan, and how the war was going in Germany. People would go to the movies, more or less just to see those half an hour news reels. That’s where we got our news till the television came.
Sweat- And what about during WWII, what about writing? There were some journalists over there, do you remember any of them?
Ted- Yeah, Ernie Pyle.
Sweat- And what do you remember about Ernie Pyle, who was he?
Ted- Ernie Pyle was a news reporter that went right with the troops, they issued him a uniform and he’d take his camera, and his type writer and he’d send dispatches from the war. And he lived right with the soldiers. He died, I remember when he died, not too long ago, it was just a few years ago now ***Ernie Pyle actually died in 1945 in WWII*** He would type all these out and he’d send them someway, he’d send them back to the stations in the states. And that’s how we got the news, right from the front lines.
They had a program on him here, a while back when he did die, it’s been some years ago I guess. He was kind of a hero. He wrote stories about the troops, and sent photographs. I remember seeing Life magazine and there’d be a picture of the troops standing in the mud eating their rations or crouched in the trenches, and in their tanks, and he flew in their planes. He had, I think, if I remember right, he might have gone with that plane that dropped the bomb on Hiroshima. Don’t know if he was in on that or not, but that’s the kind missions he went on, and he just documented them, so that we, well, everybody had to take Ernie Pyle’s word for how the war was going because he was about the only one—there were others, but he was one of the more famous ones.
Sweat- What did your parents think of the invention of the television?
Ted- Oh, it was a miracle, and it was good, because my dad was paralyzed, so he, he couldn’t do much except sit and watch the television. He’d had a stroke and was paralyzed on one side. He’d lost one leg before and then,… so it was good entertainment for him, he enjoyed it, a lot of shows.
Jackie- And your grandpa, Grandpa Sweat, it was a miracle for him, because he loved westerns, so when the television come, and it was a little while before they could afford one, but anyway, when it come he loved the western movies, that was his thing- and when he got ill, and couldn’t do much, like Grandpa McNeill, well he, could be entertained and the time went by faster and this was I think in the 50s?
Sweat- When did Grandpa die?
He passed away in 74. And dad McNeill in 69. His dad passed away before mine. And my dad, he enjoyed keeping up with the news, he liked to know what was going on. And of course the westerns and conferences and things like that.
Sweat- Thorough history, media has been used by the Church (LDS) a lot, to spread the Gospel and a lot other things. What are some of the things that you’ve seen firsthand, in that process, the churches use of media?
Jackie- One of the first things is the Tabernacle Choir, they’ve been around how many years? At first, they had to pass things around, and it was very makeshift, in their first broadcast. It was interesting, how they stood on ladders, and passed, microphones is what I’m trying to say, back and forth to get the first broadcast of the Tabernacle Choir, and that was quite amazing And that was about 100 years ago. And that was way back. And that was good for the church.
Ted- And that was good for the church. I can remember back, when they had little film strips.
Sweat- Along with the media and the church, I am reminded of General Conference, and how originally, you had to go to the meeting to hear what was said. And now, it is a lot different, do you remember anything about that change?
Ted- Well, they always published a magazine with the conference talks in it. And they’ve always published them.
Jackie- They did print them in the newspapers, just like they do now, like in the Deseret News.
Sweat- Do you remember the first conference you saw on TV?
Jackie- It was probably first back when we first got our television, must have been during the sixties.
Sweat- Well, you listened to them on the radio as well right?
Ted- Yes, we always listened to Conference on the radio.
Sweat- You can remember when dvd’s and vcr’s came around. What can you tell me about that?
Ted- Well, the first thing like that to come around was the old 8 tracks, and I still have some of them- I don’t remember exactly when it was. It was years ago. And then, back then, one of my friends got one in a car and we went all over showing everybody, playing music on a tape in a car.
Sweat- That was at the time where you couldn’t really have recorded music in your car.
Ted- Oh no, uh uh. I mean, all you had was a radio in the car, just a radio. You couldn’t have recorded music at all in a car. Until then, until the 8 track. I think it was in the 70’s. They were really expensive to get. Then, what are those little ones called?
Sweat- Cassettes?
Ted- Yeah, then came the cassettes.
Sweat- And now MP3’s. Lot of change in a short time, what were your impressions of that?
Ted- You could take that that little MP3 now, and tell somebody in 1950 or 60, that you had that many songs on that and they’d been beat you up. (laughter). (Jackie- They’d lock you up). Oh yeah, they’d say that you were crazier than a loon, and you couldn’t convince anybody of that. I remember, in those Popular Mechanics that I used to get, way back, reading and they were predicting these cell phones, and satellite phones. And that was back, in the … 1960’s somewhat when an article came out in Popular Electronics, or Popular Mechanics, one of those books, and said someday they’ll bounce beams off or satellites or stars or something and that you’d be able to have a wireless phone. And you couldn’t convince people of that, in that day they wouldn’t believe.
Jackie- I can remember in my last days of school, they told us there’d be something like a microwave. I mean they didn’t call it that, but it would be an oven, but it wouldn’t have to have wood burning. It would be, you know, a stove, and we were all excited about that and we couldn’t believe what they were talking - that the microwave would come, into existence, we thought that was crazy.
Ted- In our lifetime, when we went on our first mission to India, we were over there teaching and the only thing we had- that we had access too- was a little film strip. You’d put it in a little machine with a little light behind it and we had, uh, Johnny Lingo, you ever heard of Johnny Lingo (Sweat- Yeah… Muhana you ugly?) Yeah! We had Johnny Lingo and we would show those people. But you’d have to turn it one clip at a time. And that was, when we were on our first mission, in 1987.
Sweat- And during your last mission (of three) had things changed a lot?
Ted- Oh yeah- on our last mission we had fax machines and all kinds of things. Of course, the thing you have to remember is that our first mission we were in India, and so, even then we were behind the times because we were in a remote part of India. If we had been in other places, it would have been better.
Sweat- Uncle Bernard and a few other folks, were on active duty during Vietnam, what do you remember about seeing the news and seeing images during that time. I think it’s generally recognized that the tone, of the media coverage for that was different than from other wars. What do you think of that, or what were some of the impressions that you got.
Ted- Well yeah, well WWII was covered by newsreels in the theatre and then, you’d hear it on the radio. Then we got television, and you could see things on black and white television, but boy… I’ll tell you, when these last wars started, and when CNN went right with the soldiers, well, that certainly changed things. I don’t know if it’s good or bad, …I don’t know. At least it brought it home to the people, the wars home to the people. So they could see what the soldiers were going through, I mean before it was pretty remote. People didn’t actually know what was happening. So when CNN went right with the soldiers, and actually broadcast pictures back, why, that was pretty traumatic stuff. I know it was for me anyway.
Sweat- Would you say that you were more worried about people during the WWII era that you had less exposure too through the media or more worried about the people during Vietnam, because of the media coverage.
Ted- Well, I don’t know. That’s a hard question for me. I mean, not knowing anything, you naturally worried, and you expected anytime that some soldier would drive up with a telegram saying that those people you loved were lost.
I don’t know, like I say, when you can see what’s going on, when they broadcast pictures of it- of the bombs going off or the people dying, why, that puts you in a different frame of mind. You tend to worry more, about it, I guess … it was a hard time either way.
In WWII people would go off, and you’d just have to worry. I don’t know, which would be the worst.
Jackie- I think it was worse to see it, you’re reminded more, because it’s constantly on the air. Like the Korean War and this, the one we’re still in. (Before) It was a worry and yet life went on, because you were so far removed from it. It was just when things like, you know, when Pearl Harbor got bombed and when the Utah ship went down, and all these things, so then, for a while, it was all really dramatic, and then it would ease up,
Depending on the person too. I mean, there was this one family had five sons. All five sons they had were in WWII, and it was a constant worry for her, that mother. And she didn’t go out and socialize or anything so she just stayed home, worrying- with five stars, back then they gave you stars for each member that was in the service. So she had five stars, hanging in her window. So naturally it was more of a worry for her, as it was, and then depending on the faith that you have, I mean, she wasn’t active. So it does depend on the person, the beliefs and faith and things.
Sweat- What do you think the impact the media has had on this generation, as opposed to the impact that the media had on your generation?
Jackie- I think that the impact now, a lot of it is negative. Naturally, when the population grows, there’s more chance of negative in the world. In my time, there was less and you didn’t get exposed as much.
Ted- The media has had a big impact on these later generations as opposed to ours, like I said earlier when I was talking to you, when I was young, every family had a mother and a father and now, girls don’t even have to be married to have babies. I guess we’ve always known that, but you didn’t think about it back in our generation. I think that sometimes people were treated very badly when somebody did make a mistake. But mostly, families were together more, and now with the media and the busy life you don’t have the interaction that we had back in our generation.
But I wouldn’t want to go back, you know, to the times before we had technology. I just think it’s… There’s so much you can learn now. Where I lived so remotely, if I’d of had access to this stuff, the access now, then that there is now, I could have learned a lot more, done a lot better.
Sweat- How has media and communication changed your relationships with people, I mean, now you have friends from Uganda when before, when you were coming up, you maybe would never have seen any African Americans.
Ted- I certainly am glad for the technology that we have now. I just wish that human beings would use it a little, you know, better for good things.
-Last half of section 7 needs transcribing (about India and Africa contrast of then and now)-
Sweat- What are some major events that you remember learning of through the media?
Jackie- I remember distinctly when President Kennedy was assassinated. I was watching the tv and it came on the air and then they were stopped, all the programs, and it was brought on. And to me that was traumatic, for me, that was terrible, to see him in the car- dying. And still, I can picture in my mind very clearly, what I was doing that day. Because it came on the TV.
And then of course, whenever the President of the United States comes in, you watch that. And the church, all the conference and things, being able to watch President Hinkley come in and his life. I think that it helped you feel closer.
Ted- The dropping of the atomic bomb and the landing on the moon, were big impacts that I remember. President Kennedy’s assassination.
Jackie- One that I remember too was when those astronaughts were killed, when they didn’t make it back too Earth, I was watching the TV that day too and that was, that was stunning. That you could watch something like that in action. I don’t know, it’s hard to explain, it’s really, it really hits you hard. When you watch something actually happen, when I watched that day, I was thinking, that isn’t happening. But when the pieces started going…
Ted- That’s what it was when President Kennedy got assassinated. I mean, you saw it happening. The news media was right there. First, they got the shooter, then somebody else killed the shooter. And you actually had pictures of it, right there in the television
Jackie- The day the guy got shot in jail, the guy that killed President Kennedy, and then he got shot. And it was just, there, right in front of you and it was crazy. I felt the same way the day those astronaughts didn’t make it, it took me a minute or two to realize, this is really happening, their blown apart. When you’re watching it, and it’s so exciting going to the moon …
Sweat- What are some feelings that you have experienced through exposure to the media, such as sad, happy etc.
Ted- Well, one of those things, the assassination of President Kennedy, I certainly felt bad about that. Uh, the bombing of Pearl Harbor, was on the radio, but most people didn’t know how serious it was, like my grandfather, who said, ‘we can’t be at war’. But others, like my father, who was an ex marine and who had been to Pearl Harbor had to tell him. But I don’t think many people knew, when the news came on about the bombing of Pearl Harbor, it didn’t hit people that hard. Now, when you seen the twin towers, when you seen them fall. Or when you seen the space shuttle blow up, you actually see it. So media, I mean modern media definitely has a big effect on people.
Jackie- I remember crying both times, I just broke down in tears, because I remember thinking, what a tragedy- those poor families watching this. I remember the media too, when I was a little girl, about 8 or 9, during WWII, I remember that time, when grandpa was listening to the radio, the prize fights or whatever. When he brought the radio in and we heard that, it came to life to me because I had uncles that were in there, in the war, and one uncle’s ship got hit, and sliced in half. And even today, I had to make a little piece of cake and send it to Ray, to thank him, for being in that. And the media did that, it brought that to us, and made it reality. I remember when I was a little girl, they had air raids, and you had to go, and get down under the desk. And they would say, in case of a bomb, in case they bombed Salt Lake, that you’d have to get down under your desk and hide, and they told us what to do. And that was all through the media and the newspapers and that year, I did live in Salt Lake, my mom and dad and we had more access to the newspapers and to what was going on in the world. And it made such an impact on me, that when they said lets have a drive, through the radio, they said lets have a big drive to get rubber, why me and my little girl friend, we took our rubber dolls down and we threw them on the pile because we wanted to help. (laughter) kind of a small thing, but it was through the media that we knew that, or we wouldn’t, you know. Even out here where it was kind of hard to get news you still had that, … connection.
Well, there you have it. It took me forever to transcribe but it was worth it.
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